Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Linked to Brain Damage

PTSD: Children who are 6 to 11 years old may exhibit extreme social withdrawal, disruptive behavior, and an inability to focus. They often have nightmares, sleep difficulties, irrational fears, irritability, and angry outbursts. They may do poorly in school or refuse to attend school at all. They often complain of physical pains which have no medical explanation. Symptoms of depression and anxiety often surface in traumatized children at this age.
Adolescents aged 12 to 17 may respond to trauma much as adults do. They often have flashbacks, nightmares, confusion, and difficulties with peer relationships. They may also show signs of substance abuse and symptoms of depression, including social withdrawal, sleep problems, poor academic performance, and suicidal thoughts. Adolescents often feel excessive guilt over the traumatic event; they may also fantasize about taking revenge.
Some research  findings indicated that these Romanian adoptees exhibited survivor behavior. A substantial number of these adopted children require aftercare by adoption specialists from the time they arrive in Dutch families. It seems plausible that the high incidence of PTSD characteristics was related to extreme physical and social neglect occurring in the orphanages.

The personal perspective on a previous post  adoptees' ptsd , Joy writes on ptsd and adoptees

Treating Traumatic Stress a book on working with children and teens, not read so can't be recommended but it looks interesting.